for the last 1000 years we have been in areas where we see temperature as warm or warmer. like for eaxmple that is ther are nature factors, fluctuations in the sun, volcanoes and so emanuel<-read.table("c:/climate/data/hurricane/emanuel.txt",sep=",") dimnames(emanuel)[[2]]<-c("year","pdi","sst","adj.pdi") fm<-lm(emanuel[,2]~emanuel[,3]) summary(fm) Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) (Intercept) -341.777 92.519 -3.694 0.000523 *** emanuel[, 3] 12.637 3.311 3.817 0.000355 *** --- Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1 Residual standard error: 6.424 on 53 degrees of freedom Multiple R-Squared: 0.2156, Adjusted R-squared: 0.2008 F-statistic: 14.57 on 1 and 53 DF, p-value: 0.0003555 arima(emanuel[,2],order=c(1,0,1)) ar1 ma1 intercept -0.5762 0.7738 11.3528 s.e. 0.2553 0.1860 1.0504 arima(emanuel[,2],order=c(1,0,0)) ar1 intercept 0.1014 11.3612 s.e. 0.1360 1.0613 arima(emanuel[,4],order=c(1,0,1)) arima(emanuel[,3],order=c(1,0,1)) ar1 ma1 intercept 0.9065 -0.7013 27.9841 s.e. 0.1274 0.2033 0.1049 arima(emanuel[,3],order=c(1,0,0)) 0.3475 27.9486 s.e. 0.1344 0.0506 arima(fm$residuals,order=c(1,0,1)) ar1 ma1 intercept -0.6182 0.8179 -0.0098 s.e. 0.2824 0.2058 0.9238 nf<-layout(array(1:3,dim=c(3,1)),heights=c(1.1,1,1.3)) par(mar=c(0,3,1,1)) plot(emanuel[,1],emanuel[,2],type="l",axes=FALSE) axis(side=1,labels=FALSE);axis(side=2,las=1);box() lines(emanuel[,1],emanuel[,4],col="red") fm<-lm(emanuel[,2]~emanuel[,1]) lines(emanuel[,1],fm$fitted.values,col="blue") text(1970,28,pos=4,font=2,"PDI") par(mar=c(0,3,0,1)) plot(emanuel[,1],emanuel[,3],type="l",axes=FALSE) axis(side=1,labels=FALSE);axis(side=2,las=1);box() fm<-lm(emanuel[,3]~emanuel[,1]) lines(emanuel[,1],fm$fitted.values,col="blue") text(1970,28.4,pos=4,font=2,"SST") par(mar=c(3,3,0,1)) fm<-lm(emanuel[,2]~emanuel[,3]) plot(emanuel[,1],fm$residuals,type="h",lwd=2) text(1970,15,pos=4,font=2,"Residuals: PDI~SST") arima(fm$residuals,order=c(2,0,0))